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The ashtanga module overlaps with both kriya-yoga and nirodha-yoga as the YS now (actually for the third time) teaches eight techniques or elements of yoga. There is an overlap because many of the ashtanga techniques have common characteristics with the techniques already instructed. It should further be noted that this module on ashtanga is in same chapter as the kriya-yoga instructions. Might this be significant? Is ashtanga thought to add something specific to kriya-yoga? Even before studying the ashtanga module, there emerges a range of issues. Why was the ashtanga module added? Was it added because of its impressive and detailed descriptions of the elements of release? Why was neither kriya-yoga nor nirodha-yoga, seen as sufficient in their descriptions?
The eight elements or limbs – ashtanga – of yoga can be grouped into three. The first group, consisting of two elements – yama and niyama -, is about the attitude of the student. These two elements are typical ascetic regulations not specific to yoga techniques. Before any meditation the mind and body of the student needs to be in a certain condition.
